Only 30% of death penalty supporters and just 6% of opponents say adequate safeguards exist to prevent innocent people from being executed. The two other liberals Justices Sotomayor and Elena Kagan were undoubtedly sympathetic. The answer was unequivocal: He would stay as long as it took. Wed like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. The consistency of this difference points to substantial mode effects on this question. The author ends by calling executions grotesque and, as the title suggests, cruel and unusual, no matter the method. Mr. Lees lawyers opposed that request, insisting that overturning the order would result in their clients imminent execution. In Expedited Spree of Executions Faced Little Supreme Court Scrutiny, Adam Liptak writes about the recent federal executions: In 2015, a few months before he died, Justice Antonin Scalia said he would not be surprised if the Supreme Court did away with the death penalty. Improperly trained defense lawyers, racial discrimination by juries, judges that dont follow protocol, and rushed post-conviction procedures are all cited as reasons for so many executions. Republicans and Democrats also differ over whether the death penalty is morally justified, whether it acts as a deterrent to serious crime and whether adequate safeguards exist to ensure that no innocent person is put to death. It then discusses the problems that the United States has had in procuring the drugs needed for lethal injectionsthe drugs supplied from Europe have been sold under the condition that they not be used for lethal injection. The survey, conducted April 5-11 among 5,109 U.S. adults on the Centers American Trends Panel, finds that support for the death penalty is 5 percentage points lower than it was in August 2020, when 65% said they favored the death penalty for people convicted of murder. High quality drugs with speedy delivery. The New York Times Company, 28 Sept. 2003. Everyone who took part in this survey is a member of the Centers American Trends Panel (ATP), an online survey panel that is recruited through national, random sampling of residential addresses. Caplan-Bricker, Nora. July 27,. Muhlhausen, David B. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238 (1972), the Court invalidated existing death penalty laws because they constituted cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment. On July 2, 1976, the Supreme Court handed down five decisions in cases that originated in Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, and Texas, collectively referred to as the July 2 cases, or by the name of the lead case, Gregg v. Georgia. Jacoby, Jeff. For each article I give you, Ive also included an MLA citation. The death penalty is permanent, meaning if someone is wrongfully convicted, the effects are irreversible. But as a legal issue, it is straightforward. It is a very complex issue, and context on the crime is essential. Follow The New York Times Opinion section on Facebook, Twitter (@NYTopinion) and Instagram. Are there alternatives to the death penalty that you think would be more appropriate? By Liz Mineo. Anyone can read what you share. The use of the death penalty is gradually disappearing in the United States. According to data from Amnesty International, there were 579 executions in 2021, which represents a 20% increase from 2020. The death penalty remains a controversial political and legal issue in the United States. Web. There are many different ways that the death . What the data says about gun deaths in the U.S. It was a chilly afternoon outside the Allan B. Polunsky Unit, a maximum-security prison for death-row inmates in Livingston, Texas. For federal offenses, the government uses the methods of execution authorized by the state in which the court imposes the punishment. When the District Court again imposed another last-minute stoppage, granting more time for Mr. Purkeys lawyers to argue (among other things) that he did not understand the reason for his execution, the Justice Department again sought Supreme Court review. As Ms. Longs stepmother later said, We just shouldnt have had to wait this long. The Supreme Court ultimately authorized the execution just before 3 a.m. Here are the questions used for the report, along with responses, and its methodology. Mic Network Inc., 23 June 2013. Four of the eight inmates were ultimately executed, while four received stays of execution. If you near the end of your essay and dont feel confident that you have enough support, or are just unsure about your grammar, send it to one of the Kibin editors. However, death penalty supporters decried the ban, arguing that judges should be able to decide if the death penalty is warranted based on the circumstances of each case. It gives direct quotes from Gallup poll findings about public opinion. European drug manufacturers objected to capital punishment procedures, and the European Commission banned the export of drugs used in lethal injection procedures in 2011. The 54 ruling held that challenges to a state's method of execution due to claims of excessive pain must demonstrate that alternative methods exist that would cause less pain than the state-determined one. ABOLITIONIST ARGUMENTS concerning the death penalty always seem a bit unsatisfying. These rulings overturned existing standards for evidence and jury agreement when imposing the death penalty. Or are you universally opposed to capital punishment? Virginia became the first state in South to abolish the death penalty, leading some to believe others could follow. Because of this unique argument, this article should not be ignored. While conservative Republicans are more likely to express support for the death penalty than moderate and liberal Republicans, clear majorities of both groups favor the death penalty (82% of conservative Republicans and 68% of moderate and liberal Republicans). Capital punishment should be distinguished from extrajudicial executions carried out without due process of law. For example, the average cost of this case is almost $2.5 million (Goodman). It also gives statistics on the racial disparity of capital punishment. (+1) 202-857-8562 | Fax As a result, survey results from recent online surveys are not directly comparable with past years telephone survey trends. About seven-in-ten (69%) of those with college degrees say this, as do about six-in-ten (59%) of those without college degrees. In the US, that number is 65%. More than 14,000 people have been legally executed since colonial times, most of them in the early 20th Century. Find all of our Student Opinion questions in this column. Have an idea for a Student Opinion question? Mr. Lees lawyers seem to endorse a system of endless delays that prevent a death sentence from ever becoming real. Justice Breyer wrote in that 46-page dissent that he considered it highly likely that the death penalty violates the Eighth Amendment, which bars cruel and unusual punishments. The Times is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the editor. Seven state executions took place in 2020, the lowest annual number of the twenty-first century. It will make your arguments and the support for those arguments much stronger. And while a majority of Hispanic adults without college degrees (58%) say they favor the death penalty, a smaller share (47%) of those with college degrees say this. The death penalty remains popular, broadly speaking: In 2020, Gallup reported that Americans favored maintaining the death penalty for convicted murderers by a 55 percent to 43 percent. Read more. In the July Opinion essay The Death Penalty Can Ensure Justice Is Being Done, Jeffrey A. Rosen, then acting deputy attorney general, makes a legal case for capital punishment: The death penalty is a difficult issue for many Americans on moral, religious and policy grounds. In McCleskey v. Kemp (1987), the US Supreme Court again confronted the issue of race and capital punishment. Why its a good source: This article gives a lot of good statistics and links about public perception of the death sentence and how it has changed over time. 6. Both rights are protected under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the UN in 1948. In Support of the Death Penalty An article detailing the argument for the death penalty. Supporters of capital punishment argue that it deters crime and provides ultimate justice for crime victims, particularly murder victims. Or do you think it should be abolished? Covering more than 160 subjects areas, ProQuest Central is the largest aggregated database of periodical content. 14 Jan. 2015. the death penalty given an alternative of life without parole, support decreases significantly.7 In 1991, Gallup found that 76% of Americans supported the death penalty, but that support would drop to 53% if life imprisonment without parole were available as an alternative.8 While most deterrence research has found that the death penalty The American people can decide for themselves which aspects of that process should be considered shameful.. All right, lets get started with four pro-death penalty articles. 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars. About a quarter of Democrats (23%) strongly oppose the death penalty, compared with 17% who strongly favor it. He said that death row exonerations were frequent, that death sentences were imposed arbitrarily and that the capital justice system was marred by racial discrimination. Why the Death Penalty Needs to Die. The Daily Beast. The article goes on to explain that Justice Stephen G. Breyer issued a dissent on Friday as the Supreme Court cleared the way for the last execution of the Trump era, complaining that it had not sufficiently resolved legal questions that inmates had asked. Mr. Lees lawyers and other death penalty opponents are entitled to disagree with that sentiment. During the 1990s, the Supreme Court issued several decisions that upheld the constitutionality of capital punishment and limited defendants' opportunities to have their cases reviewed. Introduction Death penalty has been an inalienable part of human society and its legal system for centuries, regarded as a necessary deterrent to dangerous crimes and a way to liberate the community from dangerous criminals. All comments are moderated by the Learning Network staff, but please keep in mind that once your comment is accepted, it will be made public. Among Democrats, a 55% majority of conservatives and moderates favor the death penalty, a position held by just 36% of liberal Democrats (64% of liberal Democrats oppose the death penalty). Get inspiration from over 500,000 example essays. Do you believe governments should be allowed to execute people who have been convicted of crimes? However, the nationwide execution rate began a slow but steady rise. The less access to abortion, the greater the. Amnesty International holds that the death penalty breaches human rights, in particular the right to life and the right to live free from torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. The data in the most recent survey, collected from Pew Research Centers online American Trends Panel (ATP), finds that 60% of Americans favor the death penalty for persons convicted of murder. What its about: Jacobys article tells of then-governor of Massachusetts Mitt Romneys plan to create a fool-proof, error-free death penalty. One of the most popular topics for an argument essay is the death penalty. Large shares of Americans express concerns over how the death penalty is administered and are skeptical about whether it deters people from committing serious crimes. The death penalty provides immeasurable public benefit by discouraging people from committing capital offenses. Look at the information thats presented and think about what information may be missing that would make it more balanced. 14 Jan. 2015. This way no innocent lives would be sentenced to death. Use ProCon.org to help students strengthen their persuasive writing by identifying and responding to counterarguments. It lists issues such as lethal drug shortages and legal expenses as reasons why the death penalty is losing popularity. A top Justice Department official says for many Americans the death penalty is a difficult issue on moral, religious and policy grounds. some members of Mr. Lees victims families opposed his execution. What its about: This article discusses the history of the death penalty from hanging to the electric chair to lethal injection. Why its a good source: Although it is primarily based on an emotional appeal, this is a good article to get background and historical information about the death penalty. And if death sentences are going to be imposed, they cannot just be hypothetical; they eventually have to be carried out, or the punishment will lose its deterrent and retributive effects. Eden Meirow is a full-time copywriter and part-time freelance writer. This month, for the first time in 17 years, the United States resumed carrying out death sentences for federal crimes. Web. 108 countries have abolished the death penalty for all crimes, while 144 countries have abolished it in law or practice. In a pro death penalty article, the author . Although the death penalty is already effective at deterring possible criminals, it would be even more effective if the legal process were carried out more quickly instead of having inmates on death row for years.The death penalty also carries out retribution justly. Web. Do you think capital punishment should end? (Retribution) 3.05: 1.28: 2.88: 1.31: 0.78 The death penalty is a more effective deterrent than life imprisonment. About seven-in-ten Republicans (72%) say that White people and Black people are equally likely to be sentenced to death for the same types of crimes. How do we continue to track changes in public opinion when theres a shift in survey mode?, Differing views of death penalty by race and ethnicity, education, ideology, Intraparty differences in support for the death penalty, Differences by race and ethnicity, education over whether there are racial disparities in death penalty sentencing, Overwhelming share of death penalty supporters say it is morally justified. A grand jury determined in 2016 that state officials had committed a long list of oversights and avoidable mistakes in carrying out executions. Death Penalty. National Journal. Does your state or country allow the death penalty? 10 facts about the death penalty in the U.S. Death penalty draws more Americans support online than in telephone surveys, California is one of 11 states that have the death penalty but havent used it in more than a decade, Public support for the death penalty ticks up, 60% of Americans Would Be Uncomfortable With Provider Relying on AI in Their Own Health Care, The changing face of Congress in 8 charts. Other states sought to carry out their scheduled executions using experimental combinations of drugs. Pro death penalty persuasive speech. 38 Death Penalty Information Center, State Studies on Monetary Costs (2017). Most death penalty cases involve the execution of murderers although capital punishment can also be applied for treason, espionage, and other crimes. From 1972 to 1976, thirty-five US states revised their death penalty laws. How do we continue to track changes in public opinion when theres a shift in survey mode?. That process creates peace for the victims, their families, and society in general. After the unofficial moratorium on capital punishment ended with the executions of Gary Gilmore in Utah in 1977 and John Spenkelink in Florida in 1979, the execution rate remained low for an extended period. Addressing the Counterarguments. Why its a good source: This source gives a lot of specific information about what one state is doing wrong, complete with anecdotes and numbers. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. Updated: Jan 20th, 2023. How the Death Penalty Saves Lives. U.S. News and World Report. While death sentences have fallen across the country since the 1970s, the majority of executions that have taken place are attributable to a relatively small number of counties. For example, Black people are overrepresented on death row, and a recent study found that defendants convicted of killing white victims were executed at a rate 17 times greater than those convicted of killing Black victims. Does this information change or reinforce your opinion of capital punishment? Amnesty International holds that the death penalty breaches human rights, in particular the right to life and the right to live free from torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. In 2020, following seventeen years without carrying out the penalty, the federal government executed ten people. For example, is life in prison without the possibility of parole a sufficient sentence? In 1999 state governments carried out ninety-eight executions, the highest number since the 1976 reinstatement of the death penalty. The death penalty goes against our most basic human right - the right to life. With no legal ability to impose a punishment other than execution, some juries chose to hand down verdicts of not guilty, a trial outcome known as jury nullification. Arguments on both sides of the capital punishment debate draw support from the US Constitution. Why its a good source: It is an interviewbut not a direct transcriptinvolving one of the most active members of the pro-capital punishment community. Well, dont worry. Under US constitutional law, states have the right to apply their own criminal statutes including capital punishment. But his execution date was announced almost a year ago, and was initially set for last December. But Democrats are divided over whether the death penalty is morally justified. Among other factors, scholars determined that the races of both the victim and the defendant often influenced sentencing. Opponents counter that it is an immoral and costly practice that is particularly vulnerable to racial bias. Like earlier appeals in defense of the men's lives, this argument proved ineffective. DPIC is a non-profit organization serving the media and the public with analysis and information on issues concerning capital punishment. This conclusion comes from careful state-by-state monitoring of maternal mortality, including deaths occurring at birth and around the time of birth. The 5 th and 14 th Amendments carry express approval of the death penalty: a person may not be "deprived of life, liberty or . Law School students learn crucial lessons in 'Capital Punishment in America'. The cost of capital punishment is extraordinary. The Federal Death Penalty Act prohibits the government from executing an inmate who is mentally disabled; however, in the recent executions of Corey Johnson, Alfred Bourgeois and Lisa. States could only acquire the drug by importing it from abroad, sometimes improperly. These offenses involve murder, treason, or committing another crime that results in death, such as kidnapping or aircraft piracy. How so? Why its a good source: The article uses findings from a variety of sources to support its claim of capital punishment leading to lower homicide rates. Capital punishment, also referred to as the death penalty, has long been a feature of human society and has been used in the United States since the colonial era. McCleskey's attorney cited a 1983 study, commonly referred to as the Baldus study, which determined that African Americans in Georgia were 4.3 times more likely to receive death sentences for killing a white person than they were for killing another African American. Adults ages 50 to 64 are most supportive of the death penalty, with 69% in favor. It is estimated that up to 4% of the people on death row right now are actually innocent of the crime they were convicted of committing. Aside from my own moral beliefs on the death penalty, it is not fair that . He was finally executed in 1998.2 An additional four federal prisoners were executed in January 2021, during the last weeks of Trump's presidency. Asian American adults are more divided, with half saying the death penalty deters serious crimes and a similar share (49%) saying it does not. Mastermind Behind Bars: Clarence Ray Allen. Justice Ginsburg, who died in September, had joined the dissent. It eliminates sympathetic reactions to someone charged with a capital crime. And when those tactics failed, they accused the Justice Department of a grave threat to the rule of law, even though it operated entirely within the law enacted by Congress and approved by the Supreme Court. However, Gibson does give some figures in support of using the death penalty over life in prison because, he notes, life in prison does not truly separate the criminal from society due to gang connections both in and out of prison. Execution Saves Innocents. Boston Globe. (2001) "Capital Punishment," by Ryan Koder. Capital punishment has been a part of American society since before the constitution, however in todays' climate it has become a much more contentious topic. Being killed by lethal injection or being electrocuted is not always smooth and . Call Number: HV8699.U5 U734 2012. Also, the death penalty is a problem which costs money for the country. What its about: This article does not state the authors opinion, but concentrates on an avid death penalty advocate, Kent Scheidegger. The American people have repeatedly ratified that decision, including through the Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994 signed by President Bill Clinton, the federal execution of Timothy McVeigh under President George W. Bush and the decision by President Barack Obamas Justice Department to seek the death penalty against the Boston Marathon bomber and Dylann Roof. Courts handed down death sentences fairly frequently until the 1960s when the practice began to face growing moral, legal, and political opposition. An eye for an eye has been a law for ages. This relationship holds among members of each party. About eight-in-ten White Republicans favor the death penalty, as do about seven-in-ten Hispanic Republicans (69%). Table of Contents. There are wide ideological differences within both parties on this issue. Be aware of biases. The analysis suggests that adequate provision of counsel by states in death penalty cases correlates to reduced imposition of death sentences. Among Republicans who favor the death penalty, 78% say that Black and White people are equally likely to receive this sentence. Students 13 and older in the United States and the United Kingdom, and 16 and older elsewhere, are invited to comment. Upon losing his Supreme Court appeal, McCleskey was executed by the state of Georgia in 1991. It gives a link to a document from the US Department of Justice and provides numbers on the amount of violence that occurs at the hands of prison gangs. It also means using articles from both points of view. Retribution also serves justice for murder victims and their families. What its about: Although this article does not explicitly state an anti-death penalty point of view, it does have those undertones. Since 1976, 1,336 death row inmates have been executed by lethal injection. The author considers reasons for the decline in capital punishment, as well as how geographical variance impacts the debate over execution as a fair and just punishment. The rulings followed the appointment of five members of the conservative Federalist Society to the court in under a year. When he signed the bill, Northam referenced the disproportionate use of the death penalty against Black men in the state and the 170 prisoners sentenced to death row who had been exonerated after capital punishment was reinstated in the United States. McCleskey's attorneys argued that his Eighth and Fourteenth Amendment rights were violated because his race made it statistically more likely that he would receive the death penalty. (shelved 29 times as death-penalty) avg rating 4.63 209,774 ratings published 2014. More Americans favor than oppose the death penalty: 60% of U.S. adults favor the death penalty for people convicted of murder, including 27% who strongly favor it. A total of sixteen executions were carried out in the United States in 1989. Among the public overall, 64% say the death penalty is morally justified in cases of murder, while 33% say it is not justified. It is a good source for pulling direct quotes instead of just giving statistics. The American people have repeatedly ratified that decision, including through the Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994 signed by President Bill Clinton, the federal execution of Timothy McVeigh under President George W. Bush and the decision by President Barack Obamas Justice Department to seek the death penalty against the Boston Marathon bomber and Dylann Roof. Nor did the family members of Wesley Purkeys victim, Jennifer Long, who were in Terre Haute on Wednesday afternoon. Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World, Most Americans Favor the Death Penalty Despite Concerns About Its Administration, Death penalty draws more Americans support online than in telephone surveys, What our transition to online polling means for decades of phone survey trends, Trends are a cornerstone of public opinion research. To begin with, the Death Penalty is mainly known as Capital Punishment. The decision to seek the death penalty against Mr. Lee was made by Attorney General Janet Reno (who said she personally opposed the death penalty but was bound by the law) and reaffirmed by Deputy Attorney General Eric Holder. The government is granted the authority to execute a person if certain conditionssuch as arrest, indictment, and trialhave been met. About eight-in-ten Democrats (83%), including fully 94% of liberal Democrats and three-quarters of conservative and moderate Democrats, say Black people are more likely than White people to be sentenced to death for committing the same type of crime a view shared by just 25% of Republicans (18% of conservative Republicans and 38% of moderate and liberal Republicans). The death penalty helps ease overpopulation in prisons and it ensures that less tax payers' money is spent for the maintenance of individuals that have acted against society in the most violent way. When someone commits a crime it disturbs the order of society; these crimes take away lives, peace, and liberties from society. And even though large majorities of both groups say there is some risk an innocent person will be put to death, members of the public who favor the death penalty are 24 percentage points more likely to say that there are adequate safeguards to prevent this than Americans who oppose the death penalty. Lower Drinking Age. Black adults are evenly divided: 49% favor the death penalty, while an identical share oppose it. Concepts of retribu-tion, deterrence, and just punishment are discussed in the most . Why its a good source: Though the article does not include links to the studies and polls it references, it gives substantial statistics and cites where they came fromDuke University study and a Gallup poll. It was delayed when his lawyers obtained six more months of review by unsuccessfully challenging the procedures used to carry out his lethal injection. The Center was founded in 1990 and prepares in-depth reports, issues press releases, conducts briefings for journalists, and serves as a resource to those working on this issue. If you're writing a paper about the death penalty, you can start with this list of sources, which provide arguments for all sides of the topic. Inside, the mood was somber. 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